| U.S. Brand Names |
| Celontin® |
 |
| Generic Available |
|
No |
|
| Pharmacological Index |
|
Anticonvulsant, Succinimide |
|
| Use |
|
Control of absence (petit mal) seizures that are refractory to other drugs |
|
| Pregnancy Risk Factor |
|
C |
|
| Contraindications |
|
Hypersensitivity to methsuximide |
|
| Warnings/Precautions |
|
Use with caution in patients with hepatic or renal disease; abrupt withdrawal of the drug may precipitate absence status; methsuximide may increase tonic-clonic seizures in patients with mixed seizure disorders; methsuximide must be used in combination with other anticonvulsants in patients with both absence and tonic-clonic seizures |
|
| Adverse Reactions |
|
Cardiovascular: Hyperemia Central nervous system: Ataxia, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, aggressiveness, mental depression, irritability, nervousness, insomnia, confusion, psychosis, suicidal behavior, auditory hallucinations Dermatologic: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, rash, urticaria Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, diarrhea, epigastric and abdominal pain, constipation Genitourinary: Proteinuria Hematologic: Leukopenia, pancytopenia, eosinophilia, monocytosis Ocular: Blurred vision, photophobia, peripheral edema |
|
| Drug Interactions |
|
Methsuximide may increase the serum concentrations of phenytoin and phenobarbital |
|
| Stability |
|
Protect from high temperature |
|
| Mechanism of Action |
|
Increases the seizure threshold and suppresses paroxysmal spike-and-wave pattern in absence seizures; depresses nerve transmission in the motor cortex |
|
| Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
|
Serum half-life: 2-4 hours Time to peak serum concentration: Oral: Within 1-3 hours |
|
| Usual Dosage |
|
Oral: Adults: 300 mg/day for the first week; may increase by 300 mg/day at weekly intervals up to 1.2 g/day in 2-4 divided doses/day |
|
| Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions |
|
No information available to require special precautions |
|
| Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment |
|
No effects or complications reported |
|
| Patient Information |
|
Take with food; do not discontinue abruptly; may cause drowsiness and impair judgment |
|
| Nursing Implications |
|
Monitor CBC, hepatic function tests, urinalysis |
|
| Dosage Forms |
|
Capsule: 150 mg, 300 mg |
|
| References |
|
Baehler RW, Work J, Smith W, et al, "Charcoal Hemoperfusion in the Therapy for Methsuximide and Phenytoin Overdose," Arch Intern Med, 1980, 140(11):1466-8. Karch SB, "Methsuximide Overdose: Delayed Onset of Profound Coma," JAMA, 1973, 223(13):1463-5. Miles MV, Tennison MB, and Greenwood RS, "Pharmacokinetics of N-desmethylmethsuximide in Pediatric Patients," J Pediatr, 1989, 114(4 Pt 1):647-50. Tennison MB, Greenwood RS, Miles MV, "Methsuximide for Intractable Childhood Seizures," Pediatrics, 1991, 87(2):186-9. |
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