Yes

Local Anesthetic

Dental: Amide-type anesthetic used for local infiltration anesthesia; injection near nerve trunks to produce nerve block

Medical: Local infiltration anesthesia; AVS for nerve block

B

Hypersensitivity to local anesthetics of the amide type, myasthenia gravis, shock, or cardiac conduction disease

Do not use solutions in distal portions of the body (digits, nose, ears, penis); use with caution in endocrine, heart, hepatic, or thyroid disease

Refer to Lidocaine monograph

Refer to Lidocaine monograph

Due to epinephrine component, use with tricyclic antidepressants or MAO inhibitors could result in increased pressor response; use with nonselective beta-blockers (ie, propranolol) could result in serious hypertension and reflex bradycardia

Solutions with epinephrine should be protected from light

Lidocaine blocks both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses via decreased permeability of sodium ions; epinephrine increases the duration of action of lidocaine by causing vasoconstriction (via alpha effects) which slows the vascular absorption of lidocaine

Peak effect: Within 5 minutes

Duration: ~2 hours, dependent on dose and anesthetic procedure

Children: Use lidocaine concentrations of 0.5% to 1% (or even more diluted) to decrease possibility of toxicity; lidocaine dose should not exceed 7 mg/kg/dose; do not repeat within 2 hours

Adults: Dosage varies with the anesthetic procedure, degree of anesthesia needed, vascularity of tissue, duration of anesthesia required, and physical condition of patient

No data reported

Before injecting, withdraw syringe plunger to ensure injection is not into vein or artery

No information available to require special precautions

No effects or complications reported

See individual agents

Before injecting, withdraw syringe plunger to ensure injection is not into vein or artery

Injection with epinephrine:

1:100,000: Lidocaine hydrochloride 1% [10 mg/mL] (20 mL, 50 mL); 2% [20 mg/mL] (1.8 mL, 20 mL, 50 mL)

1:50,000: Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% [20 mg/mL] (1.8 mL)

Jastak JT and Yagiela JA, "Vasoconstrictors and Local Anesthesia: A Review and Rationale for Use," J Am Dent Assoc, 1983, 107(4):623-30.

MacKenzie TA and Young ER, "Local Anesthetic Update," Anesth Prog, 1993, 40(2):29-34.

Wynn RL, "Epinephrine Interactions With Beta-Blockers," Gen Dent, 1994, 42(1):16, 18.

Wynn RL, "Recent Research on Mechanisms of Local Anesthetics," Gen Dent, 1995, 43(4):316-8.

Yagiela JA, "Local Anesthetics," Anesth Prog, 1991, 38(4-5):128-41.